RESUMO
Genetic material (short DNA fragments) left behind by species in nonliving components of the environment (e.g. soil, sediment, or water) is defined as environmental DNA (eDNA). This DNA has been previously described as particulate DNA and has been used to detect and describe microbial communities in marine sediments since the mid-1980s and phytoplankton communities in the water column since the early-1990s. More recently, eDNA has been used to monitor invasive or endangered vertebrate and invertebrate species. While there is a steady increase in the applicability of eDNA as a monitoring tool, a variety of eDNA applications are emerging in fields such as forensics, population and community ecology, and taxonomy. This review provides scientist an understanding of the methods underlying eDNA detection as well as applications, key methodological considerations, and emerging areas of interest for its use in ecology and conservation of freshwater and marine environments. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1273-1284. Epub 2014 December 01.
El material genético que liberan los organismos en los componentes no vivos del ecosistema (aire, suelo, agua y sedimentos) recibe el nombre de ADN ambiental (ADNa) (eDNA, por su nombre en inglés). Este ADN previamente definido como ADN particulado ha sido utilizado desde mediados de la década de los ochenta y principios de los noventas para describir la composición de las comunidades microbianas en sedimentos marinos y de comunidades microbianas y fitoplanctónicas en la columna de agua. Recientemente el ADNa es utilizado principalmente para la detección y monitoreo de especies invasoras y en peligro. No obstante, existen múltiples áreas en las que este método puede ser utilizado como por ejemplo en ciencias forenses, ecología de poblaciones y comunidades, y taxonomía. Esta revisión proporciona información sobre esta nueva herramienta molecular, sus actuales y futuras aplicaciones, historia, principales consideraciones metodológicas y áreas emergentes para su uso en ecología y conservación de ambientes marinos y de agua dulce.
Assuntos
Animais , DNA , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Água Doce , Água do MarRESUMO
Genetic material (short DNA fragments) left behind by species in nonliving components of the environment (e.g. soil, sediment, or water) is defined as environmental DNA (eDNA). This DNA has been previously described as particulate DNA and has been used to detect and describe microbial communities in marine sediments since the mid-1980's and phytoplankton communities in the water column since the early-1990's. More recently, eDNA has been used to monitor invasive or endangered vertebrate and invertebrate species. While there is a steady increase in the applicability of eDNA as a monitoring tool, a variety of eDNA applications are emerging in fields such as forensics, population and community ecology, and taxonomy. This review provides scientist with an understanding of the methods underlying eDNA detection as well as applications, key methodological considerations, and emerging areas of interest for its use in ecology and conservation of freshwater and marine environments.
